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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Scalar electrodynamics ： ウィキペディア英語版 Scalar electrodynamics In theoretical physics, scalar electrodynamics is a theory of a U(1) gauge field coupled to a charged spin 0 scalar field that takes the place of the Dirac fermions in "ordinary" quantum electrodynamics. The scalar field is charged, and with an appropriate potential, it has the capacity to break the gauge symmetry via the Abelian Higgs mechanism. The model consists of a complex scalar field $\backslash phi(x)$ minimally coupled to a gauge field $A\_\backslash mu(x)$. The dynamics is given by the Lagrangian density $\backslash mathcal=\; (D\_\backslash mu\; \backslash phi)^$ * D^\mu \phi - U(\phi^ *\phi) -\frac14 F_F^\ , where $F\_=(\backslash partial\_\backslash mu\; A\_\backslash nu\; -\; \backslash partial\_\backslash nu\; A\_\backslash mu)$ is the electromagnetic field strength,$D\_\backslash mu\backslash phi=(\backslash partial\_\backslash mu\; \backslash phi\; -\; i\; e\; A\_\backslash mu\; \backslash phi)$ is the covariant derivative of the field $\backslash phi$, $e$ is the electric charge and $U(\backslash phi^$ *\phi) is the potential for the complex scalar field. This model is invariant under gauge transformations parametrized by $\backslash lambda(x)$ $\backslash phi\text{'}(x)\; =\; e^\backslash phi(x)\backslash quad\backslash textrm\backslash quad\; A\_\backslash mu\text{'}(x)=A\_\backslash mu(x)+\backslash partial\_\backslash mu\; \backslash lambda(x)\backslash \; .$ If the potential is such that its minimum occurs at non-zero value of $|\backslash phi|$, this model exhibits the Higgs mechanism. This can be seen by studying fluctuations about the lowest energy configuration, one sees that gauge field behaves as a massive field with its mass proportional to the $e$ times the minimum value of $|\backslash phi|$. As shown in 1973 by Nielsen and Olesen, this model, in $2+1$ dimensions, admits time-independent finite energy configurations corresponding to vortices carrying magnetic flux. The magnetic flux carried by these vortices are quantized (in units of $\backslash tfrac$) and appears as a topological charge associated with the topological current $J\_^\backslash mu\; =\backslash epsilon^\; F\_\backslash \; .$ These vortices are similar to the vortices appearing in type-II superconductors. This analogy was used by Nielsen and Olesen in obtaining their solutions. == References == * * Peskin, M and Schroeder, D. ;''An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory'' (Westview Press, 1995) (0-201-50397-2 ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scalar electrodynamics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.